calliope-project/calliope

Calliope development discussion room

Rodrigo Amaro e Silva

@ramaroesilva

ok. just to conclude the "naming" topic, for calliope nomenclature you have:

energy_cap: in kW (the battery rated power)
storage_cap: in kWh (the battery capacity)

lblabr

@lblabr

you are right

lblabr

@lblabr

Rodrigo Amaro e Silva

@ramaroesilva

@lblabr, if you have fixed your issue could you write a short text here explaining again your problem and how you fixed it?

lblabr

@lblabr

this way is already descibed at github and also a way with a group contraint is mentioned

Rodrigo Amaro e Silva

@ramaroesilva

@lblabr could you add that information to your github issues and close them (if both are already addressed)? thanks!

Mark Geiger

@MarkGeiger_gitlab

Hi there,

my names Mark, I am new here. Currently, I am about to finalize my research proposal for my PhD, for which I will at some point create an energy system model. Which is why I stumbled upon calliope.

So far I still did not understand what calliope is really doing. I get that I can build my model (regions, demands for power / electricity, supply / energy production and transmission lines). But what is the part of the solver? What does it solve?

Thanks!

10 replies

Graeme Hawker

@GraemeHawker

Hi everyone, I'm trying to update my old models to the latest functionality and I'm a little confused over how 'export' now works. Let's say I have some excess free power available in a model (e.g. some wind power that is beyond what is required to meet the demand in the model), and I want to be able to convert this spare energy into another carrier which has an external value. For the sake of an example, we have a machine which converts power into magic beans which are worth $1000/kWh of beans. I could state this as follows:

magic_bean_maker:
        essentials:
            name: 'Magic bean maker'
            color: '#3B61E3'
            parent: conversion
            carrier_in: power
            carrier_out: magic_beans
            export_carrier: magic_beans
        constraints:
            energy_eff: 1.0
            lifetime: 25
        costs:
            monetary:
                interest_rate: 0.10
                energy_cap: 0  # USD per kW
                om_con: 0
                export: -1000

However, when I put this into a model with energy_cap_equals: 1000 at a location with free power, despite there being no cost to producing beans and a clear negative cost to exporting them, no beans are produced. Is this because there is no demand for beans defined anywhere in the model, and the framework can only optimise for carriers with a demand?

Graeme Hawker

@GraemeHawker

Minimal(ish) example model for the Missing Bean Problem: https://github.com/GraemeHawker/calliope_examples/tree/main/model_1

Rodrigo Amaro e Silva

@ramaroesilva

I've configured exportation the same way you did for a PV generator (i.e. without having to conver its carrier) and it worked.

I'll try to take a look at your repo later this week :-)

Graeme Hawker

@GraemeHawker

Thanks rodrigo, yes it works as expected for a supply tech with a demand for the same carrier, but not in this conversion case. Working through the code I think this is because if a carrier does not have a demand in the model then it is not included in the pyomo problem construction? (I appreciate doing otherwise could lead to unbounded problems) If I create proxy demand/supply techs to effectively hack the same thing (ie there is a demand for the export carrier at least as great as the maximum output, and a competing unconstrained supply tech with om_con at what would be the export price) then this comes to the expected solution - but this is not a desirable way of doing it because it skews all the cost results.

Adam A/S

@AdamEaCSIII

Hi everyone,
I am hoping to model electric vehicles (EV) as storage . I was trying to do so by using a storage technology with storage_cap_max being input as a time-series representing whether the electric parking spot is occupied or not:

battery:
    essentials:
        name: 'Battery storage'
        color: '#3B61E3'
        parent: storage
        carrier: electricity
    constraints:
        energy_cap_max: 22  # kW
        storage_cap_max: df=EV_max_charge:EV_0

However, it does not seem to work, ignoring the max capacity.

In other words, is it possible to input storage_cap_max as a time-series?
Or is there a better way to do this?

Cheers!

1 reply

Rodrigo Amaro e Silva

@ramaroesilva

hi @AdamEaCSIII

as far as I know, both energy_cap and storage_cap cannot be modelled as timeseries

take a look at "file_allowed" to understand which parameters allow for timeseries
https://calliope.readthedocs.io/en/stable/user/config_defaults.html#config-reference-model

Rodrigo Amaro e Silva

@ramaroesilva

something that I thought on was to model availability with one of the efficiency parameters (directly in the storage or in a link connecting the storage to the rest of the grid)

where available time periods have efficiency = 1 and 0 for the remainder

if you have pre-defined values for the energy_cap and storage_cap of the EV, define them explicitly in the yaml.

otherwise, leave it empty so that calliope optimizes those parameters

Rodrigo Amaro e Silva

@ramaroesilva

has anyone ever tried implementing a costs.monetary.purchase>0 constraint for a storage technology ?

when I do it, the model crashes sending this message

Malformed term in expression
[2021-03-10 11:52:18] DEBUG Neighboring tokens: " inf x1224 +1 x835 <= 0 c_u_x3558_: "
[2021-03-10 11:52:18] DEBUG
[2021-03-10 11:52:18] DEBUG Unable to read file

1 reply

Rodrigo Amaro e Silva

@ramaroesilva

on another issue, is it possible to define someting like a "location_group"?

for cases when several locations share some characteristics

Adam A/S

@AdamEaCSIII

Hi @ramaroesilva,
Thank you for your in-depth replies. Thanks to them as well as previous conversations above I have managed to solve the problem.
In case anyone is interested, here is a quick explanation:

To model these time dependant batteries, I used unique energy carriers with their respective conversion, supply and demand technologies for each electric vehicle parking spot (time-dependant battery).
The time series could be linked to the supply and demand to represent a car arriving and leaving, and the parking occupancy schedules could be used to deactivate the batteries when no car is present.
The ev charging capacity is 'offloaded' to the conversion techs so that the battery can be instantly charged or discharged when a car arrives or leaves.
There is a scrappy example in this thread.

3 replies

Adam A/S

@AdamEaCSIII

On a different note, is there a simple way to dynamically edit the model (yaml files) from a python script?
Using ruamel.yaml.dump as shown in https://yaml.readthedocs.io/en/latest/example.html should be possible, but seems a bit clunky.
Is there maybe a way native to Calliope?

4 replies

Rodrigo Amaro e Silva

@ramaroesilva

since you showed yourself @brynpickering, it would be super cool if in a future release you could make costs.purchase work with constraints.units_min/max as it does with constraints.energy_cap_min/max

2 replies

Guy

@guylr

Hi, I don't know if I'm doing something incorrectly but if I set a purchase cost for transmission lines and run the model I get purchased=0 as a result for them. Those transmission lines are being used since they have production/consumption on them. Is the issue maybe that the transmission objects don't have any energy_cap values set? I've left everything as default and only cost provided is the purchase cost.

Rodrigo Amaro e Silva

@ramaroesilva

Hi @guylr. Could you clarify what you mean with "I get purchased = 0" and how you reached that conclusion?

Guy

@guylr

Hi, @ramaroesilva I produced the result CSVs and in results_purchased.csv all components, including the transmission component, have the value 0 under the column purchased. And I can also see that the cost of transmission component doesn't have the purchase cost on it.

lblabr

@lblabr

Hi togehter, more and more sun is shining in germany, yeah!!! i would like to charge my battery more or less on the efficient import power
more or less, if the charging power is high, also the system efficency of whole system is high, is there a way to model that ? efficiency or costs change with charging power ?

with less sun i woul like to charge all sun power, with much sun, i would like to charge above 1000W, should i create two batteries with different costs ?

b-jesse

@b-jesse

Hello all
I have a problem with my model that I can not get fixed even after extensive troubleshooting. I do not even know how this can happen. In my model, electricity is generated in the transmission lines. It drives me crazy. My model is a relatively complex model with many regions, carriers and techniques and running in plan mode. But for debugging, I lowered the complexibilty and even then the problem occurs.
My links.yaml file looks something like this:

links:
...
   AMPR4,AMPR5:
        techs:
            Interconnector:
                constraints:
                    energy_cap_equals: 6500000.0

In my techs.yaml the interconnectors are defined like this

techs:
...
   Interconnector:
        constraints:
            energy_cap_max: inf
            energy_eff: 1.0
        costs:
            monetary:
                om_prod: 0.0
        essentials:
            carrier: ELC
            color: '#190707'
            name: 'Interconnectors'
            parent: transmission

I don't see any difference here from the model in the tutorial. However, I get a solution that is calculated quickly but is unfortunately wrong.
When I look at carrier_prod and carrier_con for the interconnectors, I see the following.
carrier_con

AMPR4::Interconnector:AMPR5::ELC  AMPR5::Interconnector:AMPR4::ELC
timesteps                                                                                
2050-01-01 00:00:00                       -6.500000e+06                               0.0
2050-01-01 01:00:00                       -4.191075e+06                               0.0
2050-01-01 02:00:00                       -4.315738e+06                               0.0
2050-01-01 03:00:00                        0.000000e+00                               0.0
2050-01-01 04:00:00                        0.000000e+00                               0.0

carrier_prod

AMPR4::Interconnector:AMPR5::ELC  AMPR5::Interconnector:AMPR4::ELC
timesteps                                                                                 
2050-01-01 00:00:00                            6500000.0                         6500000.0
2050-01-01 01:00:00                                  0.0                         6500000.0
2050-01-01 02:00:00                                  0.0                         6500000.0
2050-01-01 03:00:00                                  0.0                         6500000.0
2050-01-01 04:00:00                            6500000.0                         6500000.0

According to this, I see two problems. On the one hand the line is used in both directions at the same time and on the other hand the use of the line generates electricity.
carrier_con.sum()

AMPR4::Interconnector:AMPR5::ELC   -2.217436e+10
AMPR5::Interconnector:AMPR4::ELC   -6.269706e+08

carrier_prod.sum()

AMPR4::Interconnector:AMPR5::ELC    3.499195e+10
AMPR5::Interconnector:AMPR4::ELC    5.625508e+10

Does anyone have any idea what this could be? Thanks for your feedback

4 replies

lblabr

@lblabr

@b-jesse first off all you may have a look to: force_asynchronous_prod_con

1 reply

this prevents production/consumption in the same timeslot

lblabr

@lblabr

Hi @All,

the online documentation tells the following:

"By default, only the monetary cost class is used in the objective function, i.e., the default objective is to minimize total costs."

I read the discription about objective_function and that stuff, i did not really understud all of them or how to use... i would like to optimze (miximize) the earnings, how to do that ?

i have a simple model:
more ore less only demand, exept two supplys (grid and PV generator) grid costs are variable, from my point of view it makes sense, to use battery stored energy (costs 14..16ct/kWh in happy hour, not the whole day) in time of pv-production and export (feed in tariff 27ct/kWh) all of the pv generation. how to achive an optimzation on earnings ? minimzie costs work, but i don't have a starting point how to maximize earnings optimum on earnings (revneue (export ??) - costs) maximize export, does not help

8 replies

lblabr

@lblabr

b-jesse

@b-jesse

@lblabr @ramaroesilva Thank you both for your feedback. I actually found my mistake in a totally different technology. I'm still not sure how my transmission lines were able to produce electricity (as energy_prod was greater than energy_con), but that's doesn't occur anymore after fixing my technology. I haven't used force_asynchronous_prod_con yet, but I will use it if the problem with using the lines in both ways happens again.

2 replies

b-jesse

@b-jesse

I have another question. Is there any way to model a time-dependent storage? For example, I have a battery that looks like this

techs:
    example_storage:
    essentials:
        name: 'example storage
        color: '#000000'
        parent: 'storage'
        carrier: ELC
    constraint:
        energy_cap_equals: 1000
        energy_eff: 1.0
        lifetime: 10
        storage_cap_max: inf
    costs:
        monetary:
            interest_rate: 0.05
            om_prod: 1
            energy_cap: 100
            storage_cap: 10

However, energy_cap_equals is time-dependent. Is there a constraint I can use or any other way to model this? Similar to resource but for energy_cap?

2 replies

lblabr

@lblabr

could you explain your usecase of an time dependent storage a liitle more in detail ?

Rodrigo Amaro e Silva

@ramaroesilva

I agree with the need to be clearer about your goal, as energy_cap_equals corresponds to the rated capacity of a given equipment

b-jesse

@b-jesse

I want to model a demand response technique like load shift. However, the available load that can be shifted is time-dependent.
As an example:
Company 1 cannot shift load between 0 and 8 am,
between 8 am and 12 pm, it can shift 4 MW
between 12 and 4 pm, it can shift 6 MW
between 4 and 8 pm, it can shift 3 MW
and between 8 pm and 0 am it can shift 1 MW.

But in my model, there are many more different possible states. So I don't want to model all possible states as a separate technology.

12 replies

Andrea B.

@abart89

Hi @All! I have used calliope in the past to analyze planning questions but now I am considering it for its operational mode for scenario analysis in existing districts.

In particular, I'd like to test how systems of given sizes/design behave under different load curves and environmental conditions. For these reasons, I had some doubts regarding how the receding horizon in the operational mode works, with its two parameters horizon and window.

To understand if I got it correctly: the energy systems "see" parameters for #horizon timesteps in advance (e.g reading them from the external files provided) and the dispatch variables for #window timesteps are computed, then the horizon recedes for #window timesteps? Basically an optimization over the window horizon's timesteps

Thanks in advance!

jalomim

@jalomim

Hi @All!
I have started using Calliope very recently and I am using it to support a DSO supporting a local DSO in planning the development of their electric and thermal grids. Just as described in the documentation for "demand_share_per_timestep_decision" (https://calliope.readthedocs.io/en/stable/user/advanced_constraints.html) I would am trying to use this constraint to make sure the relative share of heating technologies supplying the low temperature (ltheat) demand in different locations is consistent.
When I use the "group_share" constraint the model runs smoothly but does not provide the per time-step capabilities, however the "group_constraint" fails.

For example, I have defined the constraints of the Air-to-Water Heat Pump as in the attached snapshots:
I would be very grateful if you could please give me a hint as to why I am having this error (and why it is seems to be considering diesel when I specify the technology AWHP and the carrier (ltheat) ?

3 replies

Adam A/S

@AdamEaCSIII

Hi all, a simple question:
Is there an easy way for a supply to have multiple carriers as outputs?
I want to model photovoltaic thermal hybrid collectors (PVT) which output both electricity and heat.
I can do this by combining a supply with a conversion tech with a unique carrier, but I was hoping to avoid this.
I suppose it can also be done using the Pyomo backend, but I have no experience there yet.
What would you recommend?
Thanks!

1 reply

b-jesse

@b-jesse

Hello again.
I have a question about the group_constraints:
My group_constraint looks something like this

group_constraints:
    elc_prod_region1:
        locs: ['region1']
        carrier_prod_min:
            ELC: 10000000

I thought so I can force that region1 must be generated at least 10000000 units of electricity. However, I get the following error message

[2021-04-16 16:00:00] WARNING Warning: Possible issues found during model processing:
 * Unrecognised group constraint `carrier_prod_min`in group `elc_prod_region1` will be ignored - possibly a misspelling?

Error in print_warning_and_raise_errors:
Errors during model processing:
 * Invalid carrier tier found at group_constraints.elc_prod_region1.carrier_prod_min_ELC. Only `carrier_`+ [`in`, `out`, `in_2`, `out_2`, `in_3`, `out_3`] is valid.

So I changed my code to this:

group_constraints:
    elc_prod_region1:
        locs: ['region1']
        carrier_prod_min:
            carrier_out:
                 ELC: 10000000

The model is now running, but I am not sure if it will really do what I want. I'm afraid that the constraint only considers technologies that have an input and only the output ELC. So supply, supply_plus, and conversion_plus are ignored. Has anyone already had experience with this and can tell me if this constraint as I have it now takes into account all power generating techniques. I have the constraint from here:
https://calliope.readthedocs.io/en/stable/user/advanced_constraints.html#group-constraints

Thanks, everybody

3 replies

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