scala/scala

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Fabio Labella

@SystemFw

that being said, it's totally ok to do just part 1 of the Red Book, then go write code/read other books, then go back to Part 2 (and then Part 3)

Renan Reis

@renanreismartins

@BalmungSan thanks for checking man... let me know if you have any other content that you find relevant.

Fabio Labella

@SystemFw

he name of this program is get, and its type is State[S, S], i.e. the sequence of transformations on S which will return S itself (which is what "getting the state" is)

I can try and explain it all though, if you want. Does the above statement make sense?

Renan Reis

@renanreismartins

@SystemFw I'm getting there dont give up on me. Yes that makes sense too.

Fabio Labella

@SystemFw

ok cool so let's resume

Renan Reis

@renanreismartins

I dont know how to compose the transformations tho

Fabio Labella

@SystemFw

we need to build def get[S]: State[S, S], and the only way we can build State computations at this point is through the constructor, which case class State[S, A](run: S => (A, S)). In this case A == S, since we want our program get to be State[S, S]

we'll get there, but if you don't understand the primitives, it's harder to see the mechanics

Renan Reis

@renanreismartins

we need to build def get[S]: State[S, S], and the only way we can build State computations at this point is through the constructor, which case class State[S, A](run: S => (A, S)). In this case A == S, since we want our program get to be State[S, S]

im with you here too

Fabio Labella

@SystemFw

so to build get, we need to pass a function of type S => (S, S) to the constructor

which, when run, will take the input state, return it as the output, and leave it unmodified for the next state

Renan Reis

@renanreismartins

corrrect.

Fabio Labella

@SystemFw

so the final definition is this

def get[S]: State[S, S] = State(s => (s, s))

see if you can reconcile it with the description above

Renan Reis

@renanreismartins

get is a function that returns State[S, S]

and to construct State, we need to pass to its constructor a function that receives S and returns (A, S). Am I correct?

Fabio Labella

@SystemFw

so far yes, but I need you to understand the specific function that I passed to State, because that function defines get specifically

will take the input state, return it as the output, and leave it unmodified for the next state

that's the English description of what it does, you need to see that same description in the code

Luis Miguel Mejía Suárez

@BalmungSan

@renanreismartins yeah no worries, as Fabio said I just wanted to be sure you were not struggling with too many things.
If the book keeps getting hard I may recommend reading Scala with Cats first, which is basically a simplified (and maybe more practical?) version of the same material; I recommend it because that book is extremely clear.
Also, if you find it hard to under things like effects or monads those videos were the ones that made the click for me,

Renan Reis

@renanreismartins

@SystemFw I think I understood so far. You are binding that function to run. The function takes its parameter and return the tuple.

Fabio Labella

@SystemFw

yes, and the tuple leaves the state unmodified, and returns it as the output as well

Renan Reis

@renanreismartins

yes

Fabio Labella

@SystemFw

ok cool, so we have build the first state computation, which we can run

get[Int].run(3)._1 == 3

should be unsurprising

but make sure you understand because we are going to be build the first important transformation next

Rob Norris

@tpolecat

To me State is the key to the kingdom. More than anything else it’s what made FP click for me. So this is fun.

Fabio Labella

@SystemFw

(._1 is a method on tuples that returns the first element, I basically want to get the A out of State[S, A], by passing the initial state and applying all the transformations, in this case the only transform is leaving the state unmodified and returning it, i.e. get)

Renan Reis

@renanreismartins

@SystemFw just a second before we go further...

Fabio Labella

@SystemFw

To me State is the key to the kingdom.

yeah, although State per se isn't really used in real world FP, all the main concepts you need to work with real effects are there really (or most of them)

just a second before we go further...

sure

Rob Norris

@tpolecat

I just used it on Friday!

Fabio Labella

@SystemFw

ahah nice

Renan Reis

@renanreismartins

the ._1 is fine we accessing the first element of the tuple... no worries here
...
get[Int].run(3)._1 == 3
val a: State[Int, Int] = get[Int]

Fabio Labella

@SystemFw

yeah?

all good there

can we proceed?

Renan Reis

@renanreismartins

get[Int].run(3)._1 == 3
    val a: State[Int, Int] = get[Int]
    val b: (Int, Int) = a.run(3)
    val r1 = b._1
    val s1 = b._2

I'm kinda understanding, it is a miracle LOL

Fabio Labella

@SystemFw

nice, can I move on to the first interesting transformation then?

Renan Reis

@renanreismartins

so get just get the State and return the same State, and the "element" resulting from the State is also the State

Fabio Labella

@SystemFw

exactly yeah

Renan Reis

@renanreismartins

yes, please

Fabio Labella

@SystemFw

ok, so the next thing I want to be able to do, is the ability to transform the output

for example, "get an Int, then apply the transformation that increments that Int, then apply the transformation that transforms that Int to a String"

we're going to look at the shape of it first, and then the implementation

so, recall that in State[S, A], A is the output

Renan Reis

@renanreismartins

right

Fabio Labella

@SystemFw

so "get an Int" will have type get: State[Int, Int]
"increment that Int" will have type State[Int, Int] (the first Int is the state, and stays as it is, the second state is the result, and gets incremented)
"transform that Int to String" will have type State[Int, String] (the state is an Int, the result is now String)

makes sense?

Renan Reis

@renanreismartins

totally

Fabio Labella

@SystemFw

ok so "transforming the output" means taking a State[S, A] and returning a State[S, B], for any two A and B (Int and Int and Int and String, in this case)

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